The importance of linking Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV is now widely recognised. The majority of HIV infections are sexually transmitted or are associated with pregnancy, childbirth and breast-feeding. The risk of HIV transmission and acquisition can be further increased due to the presence of certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In addition, sexual and reproductive ill-health and HIV share root causes, including poverty, limited access to appropriate information, gender inequality, cultural norms and social marginalisation of the most vulnerable populations.